Publicación:
Extensión del método workload para la planeación en call centers incorporando la morfología de la demanda y las políticas de turno

dc.contributor.advisorLópez Castrillón, William
dc.contributor.authorGutiérrez Rodríguez, Manuel Camilo
dc.contributor.researchgroupCiencia, tecnología e innovación::INDEVOS Categoría B COL0192609
dc.creator.id1014257131
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-02T17:27:13Z
dc.date.issued2026-07-09
dc.description.abstractEn los centros de contacto (Call Centers, CC) el costo laboral representa entre el 60% y el 80% del gasto operativo, lo que convierte el dimensionamiento de personal en una decisión de alto impacto; sin embargo, el método Workload, más utilizado a nivel táctico, no considera la forma de la curva de demanda ni las restricciones de turnos, mientras que los métodos Erlang bajo el enfoque SIPP exigen análisis intervalo a intervalo y se limitan al nivel operativo. Esta investigación desarrolló una metodología de staffing táctico que cuantifica y anticipa esa brecha a partir de la morfología de la demanda y las políticas de turno. Se desarrolló un simulador (StaffSim) que caracterizó 2268 escenarios sintéticos combinando variaciones de la curva de demanda con un programador de turnos basado en Programación Lineal Entera (ILP), y se entrenó un árbol de regresión sintetizado en una tabla de consulta de 60 filas y un formulario operativo. Los resultados muestran que ignorar la complejidad genera desviaciones entre 6% menos y 27% más de agentes frente al cálculo determinístico, y que con cinco variables observables antes de programar los turnos es posible anticipar esa brecha con un R² de validación de 0,73. La metodología constituye una herramienta escalable, auditable e interpretable para decisiones tácticas de dimensionamiento, aplicable como activo de inteligencia de negocios.spa
dc.description.abstractIn contact centers (CC), labor costs account for between 60% and 80% of total operating expenditure, making headcount planning a high-impact decision; however, the Workload method, most widely used at the tactical level, does not consider the shape of the demand curve nor shift policy constraints, while Erlang models under the SIPP approach require interval-by-interval analysis and are limited to the operational level. This research developed a tactical staffing methodology that quantifies and anticipates that gap based on the morphology of demand and shift policies. A simulator (StaffSim) was developed to characterize 2,268 synthetic scenarios combining systematic variations of the demand curve with a shift scheduler based on Integer Linear Programming (ILP), and a regression tree was trained and synthesized into a 60-row lookup table and an operational characterization form. Results show that ignoring this complexity produces deviations ranging from 6% fewer to 27% more agents than the deterministic estimate, and that with just five variables observable before scheduling it is possible to anticipate that gap with a validation R² of 0.73. The methodology provides a scalable, auditable and interpretable tool for tactical headcount decisions, applicable as a business intelligence asset.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Inteligencia de Negociosspa
dc.description.researchareaCIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA E INNOVACIÓN::INDEVOS Categoría B COL0192609::AOPP Automatización y Optimización de Procesos Productivos
dc.description.tableofcontentsIntroducción 13 Objetivos 16 Objetivo General 16 Objetivos Específicos 16 Justificación 17 Marco Teórico 19 Call Center: Naturaleza de la Industria y Necesidades 19 Planeación Jerárquica de la Producción (HPP) 20 Nivel Estratégico 21 Nivel Táctico 21 Nivel Operativo 21 Workforce Management (WFM) 22 Pronóstico de la Demanda (Forecasting) 22 Dimensionamiento de Personal (Staffing) 26 Programación de Horarios (Scheduling) 28 Hipótesis 31 Variables 32 Clasificación General 32 Metodología 36 Enfoque, Diseño y Alcance 36 Población y Muestra 36 Unidad de Análisis y Notación 37 Instrumentos 38 Generador de Demanda 39 Programador de Turnos 39 Orquestador de Escenarios 43 Árbol de Decisión 43 Validación 44 Técnicas para el Análisis de la Información 45 Limitaciones y Supuestos 46 Trabajo de Campo 48 Procesamiento de los Datos 48 Análisis de Resultados 55 Propuesta de Solución a la Problemática 56 Metodología de Staffing Táctico Basada en Complejidad 57 Discusión 64 Conclusiones 67 Trabajo Futuro 70 Referencias 72 Lista de Anexos Anexo A Cobertura 24/7 79 Anexo B Picos Altos de Demanda 80 Anexo C Formulación Determinística de Workload y Consistencia Agregada a Intervalo 82 Anexo D Generación de la Demanda 84 Anexo E Programador de Turnos 87 Anexo F Orquestación de Escenarios 92 Anexo G Árbol de Decisión 94 Anexo H Resultados del Orquestador 102spa
dc.formatpdf
dc.format.extent102 páginas
dc.format.mediumRecurso electrónicospa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Eanspa
dc.identifier.localBDM-MINE
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Biblioteca Digital Minervaspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.ean.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10882/19446
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingenieríaspa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Inteligencia de Negocios Virtualspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.subject.armarcInteligencia de negociosspa
dc.subject.armarcNegocios -- Toma de decisionesspa
dc.subject.armarcAnalítica de negociosspa
dc.subject.lembMejoramiento de procesosspa
dc.subject.proposalStaffingeng
dc.subject.proposalCentros de contactospa
dc.subject.proposalWorkloadeng
dc.subject.proposalCurva de demandaspa
dc.subject.proposalPolíticas de turnospa
dc.subject.proposalComplejidad operativaspa
dc.subject.proposalInteligencia de negociosspa
dc.titleExtensión del método workload para la planeación en call centers incorporando la morfología de la demanda y las políticas de turnospa
dc.titleExtension of the workload method for call center planning incorporating demand morphology and shift policieseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.otherTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
person.affiliation.nameMaestría en Inteligencia de Negocios - Virtual

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